Laughter

Laughter is the Physiological response to humor  Laughter consists of two parts- a set of gestures and the production of sound. When we laugh, the brain pressure us to conduct both those activities simultaneously. When we hear funny things or find ourselves in a humorous situation, our body reacts in multiple ways. 15 facial muscle ( the main lifting mechanism of the upper lip), which makes us smile. The respiratory system reacts by half closing larynx, which make us gasp. in some  circumstances, the tear ducts are also activated. so, laughter is a combination of reactions that result in the mouth opening and closing, a struggle for oxygen and reddening of the face. In the process, We emit sounds that range from giggles to boisterous guffaws. The more one laugh at many things for fear of being called childlike.

BENEFITS OF LAUGHTER

• Laughing is actually a workout for the muscle, Laughing 100 times a day has the same effect as 15 minutes on an exercise bike.
• 10 to 15 minutes of laughter burns approximately 40 calories.
• Laughing improves breathing as it forces air out of the lungs,thereby cleaning them.
• Laughing increase blood flow through the body, thus the decreasing the chances of a heart attack.
• Laughing also increase certain antibodies and T cells that are necessary for a healthy immune system.
• Laughing relieves  physical tension and reduces stress.
• Laughing hysterically release endorphins, which are the body's natural painkillers,
• Laughing relaxes muscles
• Laughing eases digestion and soothes stomach aches.
• Laughing improve sleep and promotes relaxation
• Laughing uplifts the mood.
• Laughter binds people together. laughing within a group increase feelings of trust.
• Laughing also increase creativity, memory and cognitive functioning
• Laughing enhances the quality of life and produces a sense of well-being.

Laughter is not a learned response; it is an involuntary reaction to something that the mind finds funny, Laughing knows no language barriers and is a universally Recognised form of communication.

LAUGHTER  THERAPY

professional therapists often use laughter as a form of therapy to deal with their patients. In laughter therapy,humor is used to help relieve physical and emotional stresses and discomfort.

CRYPTO CURRENCIES

WHAT ARE CRYPTO CURRENCIES?

• Crypto currencies are a type of digital or virtual currencies that use cryptography for security.This security feature make it difficult to counterfeit them.
• These Currencies operate independently of a central ban like RBI, rendering them immune from government interference or Manupulation.
• The decentralized control of each cryptocurrency works through a blockchain, which is public transaction database,functioning as a distributed ledger.
• Bitcoin, created in 2009, was the first decentralized Cryptocurrency. since then, over 1,800 Cryptocurrency have been created.

What is a Bitcoin?

A bitcoin is a digital currency that can be used only for online transaction, it is also known as cryptocurrency as it is generated using software based on a complex field of mathematics called cryptography.

When you buy something from a store using cash, the shopkeeper gets tangible money from you, There is no problem of trust as you are paying legal tender issued by the central bank to buy your product. However , in an online transaction where you cannot see the person you are dealing with and you are making virtual money transfer, a question of trust arises. The bank pays an important role in solving this problem between  the two people involved by being a neutral witness to the online transaction and also keeping a record of it. This is how credit card and debit card transaction occur.

     The bitcoin system is an alternate way of establishing trust online, without the Bank. This system enable many people to participate and act as a witnesses online. The first ones to record ad verify transaction using the cryptography-based software are paid in a currency called'bitcoin'. Those who record a block of transactions any given point of time using cryptography and are paid in bitcoins are called 'miners' and the process itself is called 'mining'. This is the only way new bitcoins can be generated. These bitcoins can in turn be used for online transaction as long as it is permitted by the central authority in any given country.

Transacting with bitcoin

In order to transact with bitcoins, you first need to setup a bitcoin wallet, which is the equivalent of a bank account. This is held either on a phone or on a computer. It allows you to receive, store and send bitcoins anywhere in the virtual world. Different countries of the world have different policies when it comes to trading with bitcoins in India, The central government prohibits the use of bitcoins for transactions. In other words, you cannot use them to buy or sell anything in India.

Growth of bitcoins

In 2009, When the bitcoin was first traded, it's value was pegged at $0.0007 per bitcoin, In 2011, it became $1 per bitcoin. In November 2013 it is valued peaked at $1242. In December 2017, the value of a bitcoin surpassed $ 11,000. These statistics indicate that may more people want to own bitcoins, which are limited in supply and as a result, the value of a bitcoin is continuously increasing.

Why is there a growing interest in bitcoins?

The bitcoins system offers a variety of advantages. The name a few, the cost of accepting bitcoins is extremely low compared to the cost involve in other payment systems such as a credit cards. money is saved on every transaction you make. bitcoins transaction are a lot faster then the traditional method of payment. Also there is proof to validate the transactions. All transactions that occur are recorded in a public accounting ledger.No one can resort to cheating by saving they did not receive bitcoin as every transaction is out in the open. In addition, every user can remain anonymous, Which makes it difficult for any authority to track down the number of bitcoins owned by any one person.

Downside of bitcoins

for one, bitcoins are not widely accepted. secondly, there is no central authority governing the currency. It several user stop using the currency for some reason, the value can crash, making it worthless.

NIPAH VIRUS

What is NIPAH VIRUS?

     

     Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a newly-emerging  Zoonosis (a disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals) that causes severe disease in both animals and humans. The natural host of the virus id fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family, pteropus genus.

NIPAH VIRUS (NIV) INFECTION

     According to WHO, Nipah virus was first identified during and outbreak of disease that took place in Kampung Sungai Nipah, Malaysia in 1998. It is appeared in domestic pigs and has been found among several species of domestic animals including dogs, cats. goats, horses and sheep. the infection is also known to affect human beings,

     The organism which causes Nipah virus encephalitis in an RNA or Ribonucleic acid virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus, and closely related to Hendra virus.

     However, in subsequent NiV outbreaks, there where no intermediate hosts. In 2004,in Bangladesh , human infected with Nipah virus as a result of consuming date palm sap that had been contaminated by infected fruits bats , Human to Human transmission has also been documented , including in a hospital sitting in India.

     Till date. there is no vaccine for either humans or animals

How this virus got its name?

     Nipah virus infection gets its  name from the village in Malaysia where the person from whom the virus was first isolated succumbed to the disease. The NiV has been listed in the world organisation for animal health(OIE) Terrestrial Animal health code.

HOW DOES NIPAH SPREAD OR GETS TRANSMITTED?

The disease spreads through fruit bats of 'flying foxes"  of the genus Pteropus, who are natural reservoir hosts of the Nipah  and Hendraviruses . The virus is present in bat urine and potentially, bat faeces, saliva, and birthing fluids.presumably, the first incidence of Nipah virus infection occurred when pigs in Malaysian farms came in contact with the bats who had lost their habitats due to deforestation, further more, transmission between farms may be due to fomites or carrying the virus on clothing, equipment,boots and vehicles.

which countries of the world do not impose income tax

Which countries of the world do not impose income tax?

Government impose income tax on people in almost every country of the world.Corpus of the income taxi used to provide basic facilities  like road, water, electricity,school and many more to the residents of the country. But u would be surprised to know that there are some countries like United Arab Emirates (UAE)  Kuwait and Oman which do not impose  income tax on the citizens.

This articles is explaining some other countries of the world which do not impose income tax. Lets us know the countries one by one.

1. Saudi Arabia

This country is the world's largest crude oil exporter. The main source of income of this country is the export of crude oil and gas per capita GDP of this country is $55262 per annum in terms of ppp. This country do not impose income tax however it charges; capital gain tax, social security payment. Immigrants, who ow business here,have pay tax at the rate of 20%.

2. Kuwait

it is the country of the middle east per capital GDP of this country is $69,669 per annum in terms of PPP but still some of this country need not to pay income tax. However, people have to deposit a substantial amount for social security. A major part of the country's income i.e 80%  comes from oil and other products made from it.

3. United Arab Emirates (UAE)

In terms of oil reserves, UAE  is the sixth largest country in the world. the economy of this country is based on the exports of oils, gas and tourism. per capita GDP in the United Arab Emirates is $68,245/ annum based on PPP but still income tax is not imposed on the people of the country.

4.Bahrain

In Bahrain, the GDP per capita is $51,845 based on PPP per annum but people are not taxed. Bahrainian citizens have to pay up to 7% of their income as social security. Immigrants have to pay 1% of their income for social security and every employer has to pay 12% social insurance tax for his employees. In addition to this people need to pay tax on the house rent, stamp duty and transfer of real estate.

5.Oman

The economy of Oman is also based on the export of oil and gas. Per capita GDP in this country is $45,464 based on PPP per year but no income tax is charged on the Omanian citizens. However , this citizen of the country have to contribute substantially in the social security scheme.

6. Qatar

Qatar is situated on the bank of the Persian Gulf;  is famous for it elegance and excellent architecture. the gross domestic Product per capita of Qatar is $1,24,927 billion per year based on ppp. the main source of income of the government is from oil and gas export. this country is counted among the richest countries of the world but still income tax is not imposed here.

However , an individual exercise any kind of commercial activities for profit motive is required to pay gain tax (10%of a company's total income). Rental income is taxed at the fix rate of 10% annum

7 Monaco

Monaco is located in Europe.Monaco is the second smallest country in the world. it is total population around 40000 . The density of Millionaires living in this country is very much but still there is no income tax charged on the income of the peoples.though the rental properties are tax here at 1% of the annual rent plus other applicable charges. There is a 33.3% tax on profits if real estate is sold.

8 Cayman Island

Cayman Island is an autonomous British overseas region in the western caribbean Sea. it's population is approximately 60,765. It is not necessary for people to give anything for social security here; It is depends on the will of individual. However, an import duty  Maximum limit 25% is imposed on importer. Every Employer has to run a pension scheme for his employees; it include those employees also who are working from at least 9 months continuously.

the Cayman Island is the most notorious tax haven is very popular among the large MNCs and rich Americans because there is no corporate or income tax on money earned outside  of its territory, this includes interest and dividends earned on investments.

9 Bermuda

The Bermuda reminds us the secret of the "Bermuda  Triangle" Bermuda under British rule and it is the British Overseas  Territory. It attracts people from around the world to spend their holidays Which make it the one of the most expensive  tourist place in the world.

The people of this island need not to pay income tax but they have to pay custom duty at the rate of 25% Apart from this, Social security tax and property tax also charged on the people.

10 Bahamas

Bahamas is a very famous tourist place i the world. The Bahamas consists of more than 700 Islands, Cays, and islets in the Atlantic ocean. The size of its economy is around 9 billion doller. The gross Domestic product per capita in Bahamas was last recorded at 25,079 us doller in 2017.

People of this island nation are not required to pay income tax but they have to  pay stamp duty, Import duty, national insurance and property tax.

These countries earn a huge profit from the export of crude oil and gas that may the reason they need not to impose income tax on their citizens.

River Ganga

River Ganga

Do you know?

Why is it believed that the River Ganga is self -Cleaning?

The river Ganga is a major river in the Indian subcontinent. it begins its journey from the Gangotri Glacier of the central Himalayas and drains into the Bay of Bengal through  its vast delta in the Sunderbans. It is a scared river in Hinduism and worshipped as the Goddess Ganga.

     people in India have a strong belief that water of Ganga river has extraordinary powers. Indian emperor Akbar called the Ganga water as 'the water of immortality. Even Britishers carry Ganga water during their sea voyages back to England because the Ganga water remains fresh over a prolonged period of time.

History and Myhology of River Ganga

There are several Hindu beliefs that gives various versions of the birth Ganga. According to one version, the King Bhagiratha of Kosla who was a descendant of the King Sagar Of Surya Dynasty. he brings River Ganga from heaven to earth by rigorous tapasya to please Lord Shiva on the advice of Lord Brahma so that he may perform the last rites of his ancestors those were cursed by the Sage Kapila

Why is it believed that the river Ganga is self cleaning?

There are two major factors which adheres the unique quality of self cleaning of river Ganga

1) Antimicrobial effect of Ganga water: According to the research of Chandigarh -based institute if Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Ganga water contains Bacteriophages (Viruses Which Killed bacteria) due to which Ganga water has antimicrobial attributes. The scientific world has always been amused of the antiseptic properties of Ganga's water. In 1896, British physician E Hanbury Hankin observed that cholera microbes died within three hours in its water, but thrived in distilled water. The institute of microbial Technology-Imtech (one of the laboratories of the CSIR) revealed that more than  20 types of bacteriophages are found in water in Ganga river which can fight microorganisms that caused diseases like tuberculosis,pneumonia, cholera and urinary tract infection, among others.

2)Excessive oxygen content in water: After numerous researches, this factors remains mystery that what give the water of Ganga to retain unusual content of oxygen. it is noteworthy that the Ganga water contains oxygen level 25 times higher than any other river in the word. This is one of the reason of self-purifying attributes of river Ganga and high level of oxygen in the water of Ganga gives it the unique ability to remain fresh over a prolonged period of time.

Recently, new research reveals that despite of pollution, the water of  the Ganga still possess'Medicinal qualities some microbiologist working on to develop new anti-microbial compound with the help of Ganga water.

The Golden Champa

TREES BREEZE

Did you know that District Champaran in Bihar gets its name from Champaka-aranya, a forest of champa tree that was there in ancient times? Did you know that one of the most expensive perfumes in the world, Joy is made from the flowers of the champa tree?

     yes indeed! It's fragrance is the speciality of  the champa- Sri kalki krishnamurty refers to champa in his famous historical Tamil  novel ponniyin selvan where he mention how the 'sweet scent' of the shenbagam flowers bade the men welcome as they stepped on the lake bank, it's fortieth flower listed in the ancient Kurinijipaattu of sangam tamil literature

     Known as Champa in Hindi, Shenbagam in Tamil, Sampige in Kannada, champakam in Malayalam, Champa or champaka in many of the south-east Asian languags, the tree has been known since ancient times not just in Bihar but there are champaka-aranyas in the south too, indicating that the champa tree was once widespread in the subcontient The tree is consider native to india and south and central China, In the south, the biligiri Ranga hills in karnataka are also referred to as champakaranya,In fact, one of the oldest specimens of the champ tree is found in the Biligiri Ranga hills in karnataka. The Dodda sampige Mara is believe to be over 2700 years old and is located on the bank of the river Bhargavi. The soliga tribes have traditional association with the tree. Numerous lingas are found located under the tree's vast canopy. It is aslo an abode for variety of birds and small animals in that area. There used to be many of these trees on the hill slopes of the simhachalam temple near Vishakhapatnam in Andhra pradesh and the flower was referred to as simhachalamsampangi.

     

     Champa's botanical name is Magnolia champaca (earier called Micheliachampaca) Here is an intresting note-in Kishkindakanda of the Ramayana, one of the verses describing Rama's anguish say that he cursed that champa tree should not be touched by honeybees. the reality is that Magnolias (including Champa) are among the most ancient of flowering plant that appeared on the earth even before the bees! Champa flowers are pollinated by beetles, which feed on the stigmas, pollen, nectar and secretion from the petals

       The Champa tree is a tall evergreen, about 20 m high, with a fairly smooth bark. The leaves are simple elliptic in shape with wavy margin. The flowers are usually solitary and quite distinctive ranging in colour from white and cream to a deep golden yellow. what we think of as petals are not true petals as they do not have sepals. They are known as tepals and are free and arranged usually in three whorls of three in each whorl. they enclose a central dome shaped core with spirally arranged ovaries.the short-stalked stamens are arrange tightly as the base.When the petals fall off,the central dome remains and turns into the fruit. These are oblong fruitlets that appeared like grapes and hold single red seed inside. the flowering is usually through the year.

        The sweet fragrance of the Champa is the main reason for it to be extensively in worship. you will find the few flowers sellers outside some temples selling these flowers either singly or three or four strung into a bunch if you go to the temple of Goddess Ranganayaki in Srirangam you can see tightly woven circlets mad of these yellow gold followers spreading their strong fragrance. the tree is believe to be personification of goddess Lakshmi.

           Champa flowers are supposed to be particularly sacred to lord Krishna and Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu have Champa as the Sthalavriksha. The Sthalavriksham of the Rajagopalswami temple in Mannargudi in   TamilNadu in Shenbagam (champa) and the area is also  know as Shenbakaranya (Champakaranya) Kshetram evidently in days gone by,there were groves of Champa  tree there are association with other religion too. In Theravada Buddhism, the seventeenth Buddha is said to have achieved enlightement by this tree.There is also a giant Champa tree near the tomb of a famous saint Musa sohang in Ahmadabad. women hang glass Bangles on the tree branches while praying to be blessed with children.

         Each part of the Champa tree is useful . the wood is Used for  making furniture. door panels and even as fuel. A yellow dye is extracted from the flowers. the bark flowers and fruits are used in Ayurvedic medicine, for example a paste of the bark is applied on ulcer or reduce local swelling. but it is the lingering fragrance of the Champa that is the most popular. it is so strong that rarely will see women wearing more than one of these flower sin their tresses as can cause headache but left in bowl of water, a room can smell delightful through out the day!

     

Resolution

Every year we make resolution abt fitness, But we don't follow this resolution because year after year our resolution fall short but action oriented resolution, you can make changes that stick.

BE POSITIVE :  Always Be positive, positive minds always help you, How to come out of the strange situation, Resolution offen fails when they are negative, Negative Resolutions require you to be Constantly vigilant that is mentally tough " The Brain can't form habit around action you don't do Say Art Markman, phd Professor of psychology at The University of Texa at Austin..If your goal is perfect then no one can stop you. I do whatever on our positive thoughts. Never give up whatever I make a resolution we do very perfectly and we don't quit untill my Resolution can't get success.

CHANGE YOUR HABIT: It is important to Change our bad habit, your believe becomes your thought. From first thing to get up at early in the morning at day start with positive thoughts, trying to make good habit because we first make our habit make us do yoga or any other activities and trying to make fit or keep habit of walking it helps you to make u feet and trying to avoid junk food stop. The habit of wishful and start the habit of thoughtful wishes.

SET GOALS: Important is that set your goal, I want to achieve this within certain period, Goals are contagious set your goal high, don't stop till you get there.

FOLLOW YOUR DREAMS: Keep your dreams Alive, The Biggest adventure you can take is to live the life of your dreams.